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Grant Castle

Grant Castle is a partner in London, Brussels, and Dublin practicing in the areas of EU, UK, and Irish life sciences regulatory law. He supports innovative pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device and diagnostics manufacturers on regulatory, compliance, legislative, policy, market access and public law litigation matters in the EU, UK, and Irish Courts.

He is one of the Co-chairs of Covington's Life Sciences Industry Group and is Head of Covington's European Life Sciences Regulatory Practice.

Grant regularly advises on:

EU and UK regulatory pathways to market for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, including in vitro diagnostics and on associated product life cycle management;
Pharmaceutical GxPs, including those governing pharmacovigilance, manufacturing, the supply chain and both clinical and non-clinical research;
Medical device CE and UKCA marking, quality systems, device vigilance and rules governing clinical investigations and performance evaluations of medical devices and in vitro diagnostics;
Advertising and promotion of both pharmaceuticals and medical devices; and
Pricing, reimbursement and market access for both pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

Grant also handles procedural matters before EU, UK and Irish regulators and UK and Irish market access bodies, where necessary bringing judicial reviews for his life sciences clients before the EU, UK and Irish Courts.

Chambers UK has ranked Grant in Band 1 for Life Sciences Regulatory for the last 21 years. He is recognized by Chambers UK, Life Sciences as "excellent," "a knowledgeable lawyer with a strong presence in the industry," who provides "absolutely first-rate regulatory advice," according to sources, who also describe him as "one of the key players in that area,” whilst Chambers Global sources report that "he worked in the sector for many years, and has a thorough understanding of how the industry ticks." He is praised by clients for his "absolutely first-rate" European regulatory practice. Legal 500 UK notes that he is "highly competent in understanding legal and technical biological issues."

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On 29 January 2025, NHS England (“NHSE”) published an updated Commercial Framework for New Medicines (the “Commercial Framework”). The Commercial Framework, first published in 2021, sets out NHSE’s approach to commercial activity in relation to new branded medicines and is a key document in the UK’s pricing and reimbursement landscape.

The Commercial Framework clarifies and consolidates a number of points, as well as introducing new changes. Continue Reading The Updated NHS Commercial Framework for New Medicines

On 30 January 2025, the UK Government announced the re-launch of the Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (“ILAP”) for medicines.

The ILAP is an “end-to-end” access pathway offering a unique opportunity for a medicine’s developer to engage with: (i) the UK’s medicines regulator – the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”); (ii) England’s HTA body – the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (“NICE”); and (iii) and the National Health Service (“NHS”) (together the “ILAP Partners”).  By providing medicines developers with joined-up, co-ordinated and tailored guidance from the ILAP Partners, from the early stages of clinical development, the ILAP scheme hopes to accelerate the time to market for innovative and transformative medicines and drug-device combinations.Continue Reading Re-Launch of UK’s Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (“ILAP”)

The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) is seeking industry feedback on its new draft guideline on individual messenger ribonucleic acid (“mRNA”) cancer immunotherapies (the “Draft Guidance”).  Building on the success of mRNA vaccine technology in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the technology is now being adapted to target diseases such as cancer.  The MHRA aims to provide a streamlined robust regulatory framework for the approval of such personalised mRNA-based cancer vaccines without compromising safety.

The Draft Guidance covers the regulatory classification of these novel cancer treatments, product design and manufacture, non-clinical and clinical development, pharmacovigilance and the distribution of information to the wider public.  Notably, the MHRA explicitly acknowledges that the regulatory and scientific principles discussed in the Draft Guidance could broadly apply to other disease indications or technologies that could benefit from personalisation or individualisation.  Therefore, industry should be aware that the scope of the Draft Guidance may be extended in the future beyond mRNA cancer immunotherapies that use lipid nanoparticle delivery systems to other delivery systems and disease areas.  Manufacturers, developers, patient organisations and other stakeholders have until 31 March 2025 to comment on the Draft Guidance.

We explore some of the interesting regulatory considerations arising from the Draft Guidance below.Continue Reading MHRA Consultation on Individualised mRNA Cancer Immunotherapies – Unique opportunity for a streamlined risk based regulatory framework?

On 23 January 2025, we hosted the 2025 edition of the Covington European Life Sciences Symposium. The Symposium brought together colleagues from London, Brussels, Frankfurt and Dublin with our industry connections to explore the evolving challenges and opportunities facing the European life sciences sector.Continue Reading The Covington European Life Sciences Symposium 2025

On 18 December 2024, the European Commission published a proposed implementing regulation relating to pharmacovigilance (“PV”) requirements for human medicines marketed in the EU (“Proposal”), which will update European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 520/2012 (“Implementing Regulation”).  While the core PV requirements, including the obligation to establish and operate a PV system and the key reporting requirements, are set out in Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and Directive 2001/83/EC, the Implementing Regulation provides detailed requirements on the performance of PV activities, including the need for a PV system master file (“PSMF”), more comprehensive requirements for the PV quality system, and detailed provisions relating to periodic safety update reports (“PSURs”). 

The proposed changes aim to harmonize the performance of PV activities by marketing authorization holders (“MAHs”), national competent authorities and the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), and in some cases widen the scope of the Implementing Regulation’s PV requirements.  Other changes are clarificatory in nature.Continue Reading European Commission Consults on Update to Pharmacovigilance Rules

In recent weeks, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) has published further guidance relating to the implementation of the Windsor Framework.  From 1 January 2025, changes due to the Windsor Framework for the licensing, labelling and wholesale dealing of human medicinal products in the UK will become effective.  The new measures require, amongst other things: (i) all human medicinal products intended for the UK market to be authorized by the MHRA; (ii) a single UK-wide pack that bears a “UK only” label; and (iii) disapplication of the EU Falsified Medicines Directive 2011/62/EU (“EU FMD”) requirements to UK-wide packs. 

Following the MHRA’s initial publication of guidance focusing on the changes to labelling and packaging (please see our blog post here), the Agency has now issued guidance relating to wholesalers and manufacturers (“Wholesaler and Manufacturer Guidance), licensing (“Licensing Guidance”) and advertising (“Advertising Guidance”).

We explore some of the key requirements and recommendations for supply chains and promotional material arising from this new guidance below.Continue Reading Are you Windsor Framework ready? A focus on pharmaceutical supply chains and promotional material

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has announced that it will expand its activities under its clinical data publication policy (CDP Policy, also known as Policy 0070) to cover all clinical data submitted under new marketing authorization applications (MAAs) for medicinal products as well as any applications for line extensions or

… Continue Reading EMA Clinical Data Publication Policy to Cover All New Marketing Authorization Applications, Line Extensions and Major Clinical Type II Variations Starting Q2 2025

Those of us who advise on medicines advertising issues have been waiting for much of 2024 for the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (“ABPI”) together with its self-regulatory body for pharmaceutical advertising, the Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority (“PMCPA”), to publish the new Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry (“ABPI Code”).  On 23 September 2024, the suspense finally lifted, with the publication of the ABPI Code 2024 (available here).  The 2024 ABPI Code replaces the previous version from 2021. 

The new ABPI Code incorporates an updated PMCPA Constitution and Procedure, which sets out the procedure for adjudicating upon advertising complaints.

The ABPI initially proposed, and consulted upon, updates to the ABPI Code from December 2023 to February 2024 (please see our previous blog post discussing these proposals here).  The 2024 ABPI Code includes most of the changes that were proposed and consulted upon, usually with only minor changes to wording.  The PMCPA has issued summaries of the changes to the Code and Constitution, which can be found here and here.

The main headline is that the new ABPI Code is very similar to its predecessor.  The consultation received over 3,000 comments, with many commentators calling for more extensive changes than those proposed.  The ABPI appears to have resisted these calls, preferring evolution over revolution.

The changes take effect on 1 October 2024.  However, a transitional period will operate from 1 October 2024 to 31 December 2024, during which time no material or activity will be regarded as breaching the ABPI Code if it fails to comply with the new requirements of the 2024 version.  The 2024 ABPI Code will come into full force on 1 January 2025.  Notably, though, the PMCPA will begin operating in accordance with the new Constitution and Procedure from 1 October 2024, including the legalistic elements and abridged complaints procedure discussed below.

Of the (relatively few) changes, what should legal and compliance teams take note of?

The new PMCPA Constitution and Procedure makes changes to the process for investigating and adjudicating upon advertising complaints.  These changes aim to enhance the flexibility and efficiency of the complaints process.  They include: (i) powers for the PMCPA to issue case management directions; and (ii) a new abridged complaints procedure that could apply in certain cases.  The changes will likely result in a more legalistic feel to PMCPA proceedings.  If the PMCPA notifies a company of a complaint, it may be beneficial to involve legal teams early in the process.

By contrast, changes to a company’s compliance obligations under the new ABPI Code are relatively modest.  The updates are generally clarificatory in nature.  Some changes essentially consolidate and codify into the Code principles that already exist in guidance and previous PMCPA cases.  An example of this is how companies fulfill their obligation to maintain high standards.  There is now more detail on this point in the Code, pulling together concepts from various cases. 

There are also new rules permitting the use of QR codes to provide access to prescribing information in certain cases.Continue Reading New ABPI Code and PMCPA Constitution and Procedure Published

On 10 April 2024, the European Parliament adopted its position on the Commission proposal to reform the core EU pharmaceutical legislation (see here and here).  In doing so, the European Parliament has met its ambitious timeline to adopt its position before the upcoming Parliamentary elections and marks a significant step in the legislative process. 

Parliament’s position comes less than a year since the Commission published its proposal, which consists of a new directive replacing Directive 2001/83/EC and a new master regulation replacing Regulation 726/2004, which will also consolidate the orphan and pediatric medicines regulations (see our prior EU Pharma Legislation Review blog series).  Many of Parliament’s amendments to the Commission proposal will be seen as improvements by the innovative industry, but there remain challenges and unresolved questions.

We provide below the top 8 takeaways for industry to consider during the next phase of the legislative process, which is a detailed review by the Council.Continue Reading European Parliament adopts its Position on EU Pharma Law Review: 8 Key Takeaways for Industry